Everywhere you go, you see more and more photovoltaic systems. Most people already know that solar panels generate electricity and that they can be installed in homes and businesses to save money on electricity bills or increase income.

start from scratch
First, let's look at the sun. This is a huge nuclear reactor 147.1 million kilometers away from us. It sends energy to the earth all the time. This energy is scattered into the universe in the form of "photons".
The photons that reach the Earth's surface every hour provide more electricity than we use all over the world in an entire year.
All of this energy is completely free for you to use.
Harness that energy in a practical way - that's exactly what solar photovoltaic panels do

How do solar panels convert sunlight into electricity?
A solar panel is a collection of many solar cells (photovoltaic abbreviation PV) and is covered with protective glass and fixed together with an aluminum alloy frame. These photovoltaic solar cells are made of the semiconducting material silicon, which is sliced ultra-thin.
Each photovoltaic cell has a negative layer and a positive layer. The negative electrode has excess electrons, and the positive electrode has holes to accommodate these electrons (you can imagine the state where the octopus balls have not been placed in the pot). The electrons are moved by the built-in electric field and at the same time there is a voltage difference, so for a solar panel we just need some energy to break the electrons out of their current confinement so they flow from the negative layer to the positive layer.

The flow of electricity is important
Solar photovoltaic panels generate direct current (DC), but we use alternating current (AC) in our homes. To solve this problem, an inverter is added to our PV system to convert DC power to AC power.

micro inverter
Microinverters are small devices that can be installed directly under solar panels. Microinverters are designed to handle power from one (or sometimes two) solar panels, converting DC to AC on the spot. Some manufacturers even integrate microinverters into solar panels and call them "AC modules".

String inverter
Larger string inverters designed to convert the DC power of a large number of photovoltaic modules to form a photovoltaic array. They range in size from as small as 3 kilowatts to as large as over 200 kilowatts.